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Table 5 Gain values for different control schemes

From: Bacterial foraging-optimized PID control of a two-wheeled machine with a two-directional handling mechanism

Loop

Output parameter

Gain parameters

PID + switching

BFO + switching

Lower boundary

Calculated gain

Upper boundary

Loop 1

\(\theta\)

Kp 1

80

−50

−1.733

50

Kd 1

9

−10

−0.0693

10

Ki 1

0.02

−0.1

0.0835

0.1

Loop 2

\(\delta_{\text{R}}\)

Kp 2

80

−20

10.255

20

Kd 2

75

−20

0.016

20

Ki 2

0.05

−20

15.05

20

Loop 3

\(\delta_{\text{L}}\)

Kp 3

80

−20

10.255

20

Kd 3

75

−20

0.016

20

Ki 3

0.05

−20

15.05

20

Loop 4

\(h_{1}\)

Kp 4

8

−20

10.3279

20

Kd 4

10

−10

7.3378

10

Ki 4

0.01

−0.1

0.013

0.1

Loop 5

\(h_{2}\)

Kp 5

27

−60

50.1502

60

Kd 5

32

−50

30.7237

50

Ki 5

0.05

−0.1

0.027

0.1