Figure 3

General schematic of an electrochemical plating cell and main steps to fabricate conical template-based tubular micromotors. (A) General schematic of an electrochemical plating cell and (B) zoom-in of the working electrode system, based on a conductive substrate in contact with the conductive face of the tubular or conical porous membrane. (C) Main steps followed to fabricate conical template-based tubular micromotors are deposition of the outer polymeric conductive layer (I), followed by the sequential deposition of the inner catalytic surface (II), and the final dissolution of the membrane (III) to release the micromotors.