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Table 7 System performance comparison between PID, PID-BFO, and PD-FLC control methods

From: PID, BFO-optimized PID, and PD-FLC control of a two-wheeled machine with two-direction handling mechanism: a comparative study

Control method

Percent overshoot (%)

Settling time (s)

Rise time (s)

Peak time (s)

PID

48.1

2.2870

0.2790

0.5710

PID-BFO

27.9

0.7800

0.2300

0.4400

PD-FLC

38.6

1.4410

0.2170

0.4070