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Table 2 TWRM parameters description [24]

From: PID, BFO-optimized PID, and PD-FLC control of a two-wheeled machine with two-direction handling mechanism: a comparative study

Terminology

Description

Value

Unit

θ

Tilt angle of the intermediate body around the vertical Z-axis

–

°

δ R , δ L

Angular displacement of right and left wheels

–

m

h1, h2

Vertical and horizontal linear link displacement

–

m

F1, F2

Force generated by the vertical and horizontal linear actuators

–

N

Ï„ R , Ï„ L

Right and left wheels torque

–

N/m

m 1

Mass of the chassis

3.1

kg

m 2

Mass of the linear actuators

0.6

kg

m w

Mass of wheel

0.14

kg

R

Wheel radius

0.05

m

J 1

Chassis moment of inertia

0.068

kg m2

J 2

Moving mass moment of inertia

0.0093

kg m2

J w

Wheel moment of inertia

0.000175

kg m2

Æ–

Distance of chassis’ center of mass for wheel axle

0.14

m

µ 1

Coefficient of friction of vertical linear actuator

0.3

Ns/m

µ 2

Coefficient of friction of horizontal linear actuator

0.3

Ns/m

µ w

Coefficient of friction between wheel and ground

0

Ns/m

µ c

Coefficient of friction between chassis and wheel

0.1

Ns/m

g

Gravitational acceleration

9.81

m/s2