Figure 4

Template-based micromotors driven by chemical fuels. (A) Micromotors moving due to the decomposition of H₂O₂ at the platinum surface: PANI/Pt conical micromotors [38] (I), Cu/Pt conical micromotors [39] (II), tubular nanometric Au-Pt nanomotor [36] (III), and multilayer tubular nanomotors with a Pt inner surface [42] (IV). (B) Micromotors moving in the presence of acidic environment: PANI/Zn [43] (I) and fully loaded zinc micromotors [44] (II). (C) Linear and rotational movement of (Pb_0.25Ba_0.15Sr_0.6)TiO₃ diffusiophoresis nanomotors in deionized water due to concentration difference energy [45].